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The Historical Ephemeris
Astro-historical timelines 7: MEDIEVAL PERIOD NEPTUNE-PLUTO CYCLE 4: 905 – 1398 Part one: waxing hemicycle 905 – 1152 © COPYRIGHT 1989/99 Palden Jenkins |
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Key:
* = a period of change or a general trend
? = an uncertain date
| [NOTE: During this period Germany & the Holy Roman Empire are roughly contiguous; in the lists below, entries are marked 'Germany' when they specifically affect Germany, otherwise 'HRE' is used when the Empire is affected. The same goes in the case of 'Islam', which is used when events concern the whole, otherwise, more local regions are marked] |
| +905 | * EUROPE: Magyar, Viking & Arab threats coalesce European awareness & identity | 905 NE CONJ PL Ta Ta | 905 NE Ge |
| + | |||
| +906 | C EUROPE: Magyars destroy Moravia (C Europe's only organised state (830-906)) | 906 PL Ge | |
| + | |||
| +907 | CHINA: EPOCH OF THE FIVE DYNASTIES (907-960) (disintegration & instability, ten states secede) | 907 UR -tri PL Cp Ta | 907 UR Aq |
| + | C EUROPE: Magyars raid Germany & Italy; 910 extract tribute from Byzantium | 907 UR -tri NE Aq Ge | 907 PL Ge |
| +908 | ASIA: Khitan Mongols under Yelu A-pao-chi conquer Mongolia & north borders of China | 908 UR -tri NE Aq Ge | 908 PL Ge |
| + | |||
| +909 | ISLAM: rise of Fatimid dynasty in Tunisia (claiming authority over Islam) | 909 UR -tri NE Aq Ge | |
| + | * PACIFIC OCEAN: Polynesians begin to settle Aotearoa (New Zealand) | ||
| +910 | * W EUROPE: expansion of great monasteries: Cluny Abbey (Cistercian, France) founded | 910 UR -tri NE Aq Ge | |
| +911 | RUSSIA: Oleg of Kiev extracts treaties & trade from Byzantium after attacking Constantinople | ||
| +911 | W EUROPE: Carolingian dynasty ends, elections initiated, Konrad I elected HRE (911-18) (Saxon dynasty) | ||
| + | FRANCE: Vikings granted Duchy of Normandy, Robert I (Rollo) Duke of Normandy (911-31) at Rouen | ||
| +912 | IBERIA: Abd ar Rahman III, Emir of Cordoba (912-961) marks zenith of UMAYYAD RULE IN SPAIN | 912 Sa CONJ PL Ge Ge | |
| + | BYZANTIUM: Constantinus VII, Byz Emp (912-20) (empire extends to Iraq) | 912 HALLEY'S COMET | |
| +913 | SE EUROPE: Symeon, Bulgarian Czar (893-927) invades much of Greece, fails with Constantinople | 913 Sa CONJ NE Ge Ge | |
| + | |||
| +914 | 914 UR Pi | ||
| + | |||
| +915 | EUROPE: Magyars (899-955) attack Germany, Italy, France, Spain, Byzantium (mainly for loot) | 915 UR Pi | |
| + | |||
| +916 | E ASIA: Khitan khanate in Mongolia founded | ||
| + | |||
| +917 | E EUROPE: Bulgarian Church separates from Rome & Const'ple (Bulgarian zenith under Symeon I) | 917 UR -SQR PL Pi Ge | |
| + | INDIA: Kashmir devastated by famine | ||
| +918 | E ASIA: state of Koryo (Korea) founded (Koryo period (918-1392)) | 918 UR -SQR PL Pi Ge | |
| + | |||
| +919 | HRE: Henry I K of Germany (919-36) (takes Lorraine, Brandenbg, Bohemia, E Ger, Hungary by 936) | 919 Sa OPPN UR Vi Pi | 919 NE Cn |
| + | HRE: Saxon Emperors line (919-1024) | ||
| +920 | BYZANTIUM: Romanos I Lecapenus, Byz Emp (920-44) (repulses Viking-Russ, Bulg & Arab assaults) | 920 Sa OPPN UR Vi Pi | 920 NE Cn |
| + | |||
| +921 | C EUROPE: Bohemians convert to Christianity | 921 Sa OPPN UR Vi Pi | |
| + | |||
| +922 | 922 UR Ar | ||
| + | |||
| +923 | 923 UR Ar | ||
| + | |||
| +924 | BYZANTIUM: Bulgarians under Symeon I devastate Greece & threaten Constantinople | 924 UR -SQR NE Ar Cn | |
| + | |||
| +925 | BRITAIN: Athelstan, King of England (925-40) (dominant in mainland Britain by 937) | 925 UR -SQR NE Ar Cn | |
| + | GERMANY: HRE Henry I conquers Lorraine (culturally & econ wealthy & densely populated) | ||
| +926 | 926 UR -SQR NE Ar Cn | ||
| + | |||
| +927 | W EUROPE: Cluny becomes centre of reform movement in European monasteries (Odo) | 927 UR -SQR NE Ar Cn | |
| + | 927 UR -sxt PL Ar Ge | ||
| +928 | GERMANY: Henry I, HRE conquers Brandenburg; 929 conquers Bohemia (carving out German empire) | 928 UR -sxt PL Ar Ge | |
| + | 928 Sa OPPN PL Sg Ge | ||
| +929 | IBERIA: Abdul Rahman III, Caliph of Cordoba (929-61) ests ind Cordoba Caliphate | 929 UR Ta | |
| + | FRANCE: Rudolph, King of France (929-36) (France united under one ruler) | ||
| +930 | ATLANTIC: Iceland becomes an independent Viking republic | 930 NE +ssx PL Cn Ge | 930 UR Ta |
| + | ATLANTIC: est of Allthing, Icelandic general assembly (oldest continuous parliament in world) | ||
| +931 | 931 Sa OPPN NE Cp Cn | ||
| + | 931 NE +ssx PL Cn Ge | ||
| +932 | GERMANY: Magyar raids in Bohemia & Saxony | 932 Sa OPPN NE Aq Le | 932 NE Le |
| + | 932 UR -ssq PL Ta Ge | ||
| +933 | GERMANY: Henry I HRE defeats Magyars; takes Schleswig 934 | 933 UR -ssq PL Ta Ge | 933 NE Le |
| + | E ASIA: Po Hai (710-934, Manchuria) destroyed by Khitans; founding of kgdm of Koryo (Korea) | 933 NE on NE NNode | |
| +934 | SCANDNVA: Erik Bloodaxe, King of Norway (934-54) (later provokes rebellion by his violence) | 934 PL Cn | |
| + | SCANDNVA: Harold Bluetooth, King of Denmark (934-986) (first Christian king in North) | ||
| +935 | ISLAM: text of Quran revised & finalised | 935 PL Cn | |
| + | * ASIA: zenith (935-1170) of Koryo period (918-1392) in Korea | ||
| +936 | GERMANY: Otto I (936-73) (expansion, building & wealth) king of Franks & Lombards by 951 | 936 PL Cn | |
| + | EUROPE: beginning of Ottonian period of Gothic architecture | 936 UR Ge | |
| + | * MIDEAST: Abbasid Caliphate of Baghdad politically compromised; power now held by Great Emir | ||
| + | BYZANTIUM: Constantinople severely damaged by an earthquake, killing thousands | ||
| +937 | BRITAIN: Saxon Athelstan defeats Danes, Scots & Stratchclyde British at Brunanburgh | 937 UR -ssx PL Ge Cn | 937 UR Ge |
| + | W EUROPE: Magyar raids through Germany & E France | ||
| +938 | CHINA: Khitans expand into N China & establish capital at Beijing (becoming Liao dynasty) | 938 UR -ssx PL Ge Cn | |
| + | GERMANY: Otto I campaigns in Bavaria & Saxony, Swabia 939 | ||
| +939 | SE ASIA: Dai Viet (Annam) becomes independent of China (growth of Vietnamese culture) | 939 UR on UR NNode | |
| + | JAPAN: revolts & period of civil war (after downfall of centralist imperial rule, until 1185) | ||
| + | INDIA: peak of the Rashtrakuta state (W Deccan) under Krishna II | ||
| +940 | BRITAIN: Edmund I, king of England; 942 Malcolm I, king of Scotland | 940 UR -sxt NE Ge Le | |
| + | IBERIA: Arabs lose Madrid to Spaniards of Leon (begn of Reconquista of Spain) | 940 PL on PL NNode | |
| +941 | BRITAIN: war between Danes and Saxons in England; Edmund I king of England (940-6) | 941 UR -sxt NE Ge Le | |
| + | BYZANTIUM: Viking naval attack on Constantinople beaten off | ||
| +942 | C EUROPE: Christian conversion of Hungary | 942 UR -sxt NE Ge Le | |
| + | |||
| +943 | C AMERICA: Zapotec capital of Monte Alban sacked by Mixtecs and abandoned | 943 Sa CONJ UR Ge Ge | 943 UR Cn |
| + | |||
| +944 | 944 Sa CONJ PL Cn Cn | 944 UR Cn | |
| +945 | ISLAM: power shifts from Iraq to Persia under Buwayhids (end of great days of Islamic empire) | ||
| + | MIDEAST: Buyid dynasty of Emirs (945-1055) in Baghdad (Abbasid caliphate now a religious formality) | 945 NE +ssq PL Le Cn | |
| + | RUSSIA: Viking state of Kiev first designated as 'Rus' | ||
| +946 | FRANCE: Otto I HRE advances on Paris & Rouen (extending German influence widely) | 946 NE +ssq PL Le Cn | 946 NE Vi |
| + | |||
| +947 | CHINA: Khitan Mongols invade N China, establish Liao Dynasty, with new capital Beijing | 947 UR CONJ PL Cn Cn | 947 NE Vi |
| + | N AFRICA: Shi'ite Fatimid Al-Mansur conquers N Africa, Sicily & SW Italy | 947 NE +ssq PL Le Cn | |
| +948 | 947 UR -ssq NE Cn Le | ||
| + | 948 UR -ssq NE Cn Vi | ||
| +949 | 948 Sa CONJ NE Vi Vi | ||
| + | |||
| +950 | * EUROPE: ZENITH of EUROPEAN 'DARK AGES' (instability, violence, cultural downturns) | 950 UR Le | |
| + | * SCANDNVA: migration of Same-folk (Lapps) into N Scandinavia & Russia from Siberia | ||
| + | * W AFRICA: zenith of kgdm of Ghana (with high level of culture, founded 300s) | 951 UR Le | |
| + | GERMANY: Bohemia becomes tributary to Otto I, King of Franks & Lombards (950-66) by marriage | ||
| +951 | |||
| + | |||
| +952 | |||
| + | |||
| +953 | * HRE: PEAK OF OTTONIAN PERIOD in GERMAN HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE | 953 UR -ssx NE Le Vi | |
| + | |||
| +954 | FRANCE: Lothar, King of France (954-986, formation of French national identity) | 954 UR -ssx NE Le Vi | |
| + | W EUROPE: Magyar raids as far west as Belgium; BRITAIN: four year famine, 40,000 die | ||
| +955 | C EUROPE: Otto I defeats Magyars at Lechfeld & Slavs at Recknitz (pacifying Magyars to 1170s) | ||
| + | * E EUROPE: Eastern Orthodox faith moves into Russia from Byzantium | ||
| +956 | * EUROPE: EUROPEAN ECONOMIC RECOVERY & STABILITY begin (956-1160) (forest clearing, | 956 UR +ssx PL Vi Le | 956 PL Le |
| + | marsh drainage, settler migration to new land, re-establishment of towns & ports) | 956 UR Vi | |
| +957 | 957 UR +ssx PL Le Cn | 957 PL Le | |
| + | 957 UR Vi | ||
| +958 | |||
| + | |||
| +959 | BRITAIN: Eadgar the Peaceful (959-75) unifies England (creates stability, learning & growth) | 959 NE Li | |
| + | |||
| +960 | CHINA: NORTHERN SUNG TAI TSU, new emperor in Five Dynasties state; reunites China by 979 | 960 NE Li | |
| + | * ISLAM: founding of universities in Cordoba & Cairo; EUROPE: Churchbuilding period | ||
| + | E EUROPE: Poland becomes a kingdom; Mieczyslav I, first king of Poland | ||
| +961 | IBERIA: Hakam II, Ummayyad caliph of Cordoba (961-976) | 961 UR +ssq PL Vi Le | 961 NE Li |
| + | |||
| +962 | C ASIA: Turks found Ghazni principality in Khorasan (incubation of a future power) | 962 Sa OPPN PL Aq Le | 962 UR Li |
| + | W EUROPE: Otto I (962-973) of Germany crowned emperor of re-founded Holy Roman Empire, in Rome | 962 UR +ssq PL Vi Le | |
| +963 | BYZANTIUM: new emperor Nicephorus II Phocas defeats Bulgarians & Arabs | 963 UR Li | |
| + | CHINA: Tai Tsu beats Tatar Mongols (forced to pay heavy tribute to Hsi-Hsia & Liao) | ||
| +964 | AMERICAS: TOLTEC CULTURE, NEW PERIOD (964-1191), Yucatan (Mayapan, Uxmal, Chichen Itza) | ||
| + | BYZANTIUM: Nicephorus II Phocas (963-9) conquers Cyprus from Arabs | ||
| +965 | BRITAIN: Saxon England overcomes Welsh resistance (in Gwynedd) against colonisation of Wales | 965 UR CONJ NE Li Li | |
| + | RUSSIA: Khazar state in S Russia (capital Itil) subdued by Viking-Russians under Sviatoslav | ||
| +966 | JAPAN: ZENITH of FUJIWARA (966-1068) PERIOD; Heian Michinaga, Emperor of Japan (966-1027) | ||
| + | E EUROPE: Poland converts to Catholicism (est of longlasting links with W Europe) | ||
| +967 | E EUROPE: Viking Sviatoslav of Russia subdues the Bulgars (lands from Novgorod to Danube) | 967 UR +sxt PL Li Le | |
| + | * SE EUROPE: first monasteries built at Mt Athos (Athos becomes centre of Orthodox monasticism) | 967 Sa OPPN UR Ar Li | |
| +968 | E EUROPE: Vikings ravage Bulgaria & Balkans; 970 driven out by Slavs & Magyars | 967 Sa OPPN NE Ar Li | |
| + | MIDEAST: Byzantines retake Antioch from Arabs; 600,000 die in Egyptian famine (Nile drought) | 968 Sa OPPN UR Ar Li | |
| +969 | N AFRICA: Fatimid dynasty (969-1171, Tunisian Shi'ite Muslims, anti-Abbasid) conquer Egypt | 968 Sa OPPN NE Ar Li | 969 UR Sc |
| + | 969 Sa OPPN UR Ar Li | ||
| +970 | * INDIA: collapse of three major states (Rashtrakuta, Pala, Pratihara) – allowing for Muslim invasion | 970 UR Sc | |
| + | * ISLAM: C Asian Turks convert to Islam (leading toward later Turk ascendancy – Seljuks, Ottomans) | ||
| +971 | |||
| + | |||
| +972 | C EUROPE: birth of Hungarian state under Duke Geisa the Magyar (972-97), (newly Christianised) | ||
| + | * CHINA: Buddhist Canon printed in Szechuan with 130,000 woodblocks | ||
| +973 | * ARTS: revival of Deccan art & architecture in central India | 973 PL Vi | |
| + | N AFRICA: Shi'ite Fatimids found the city of Cairo | 973 NE Sc | |
| +974 | 974 NE Sc | ||
| + | 974 PL Vi | ||
| +975 | IDEAS: arithmetic notation imported to Europe by Arabs, via Cordoba | ||
| + | MIDEAST: Al-Aziz, Fatimid Egypt (975-96) conquers Syria & Iraq (Fatimids rule Atlantic-Euphrates) | ||
| +976 | BYZANTIUM: Basil II, Byz Emp (976-1025) (zenith of Byz expansion, reaches Jerusalem's gates) | 976 UR Sg | |
| + | E EUROPE: Samuel, Czar of Bulgaria (976-1014) | ||
| +977 | IBERIA: Hisham, Caliph of Cordoba (977-1002) (patron of science, arts & philosophy) | ||
| + | E AFRICA: fall of Christian Axum (Eritrea) to pagan invaders | 978 UR +SQR PL Sg Vi | |
| +978 | W EUROPE: Otto II, HRE (967-83) at war with Lothair of France; Aix-la-Chappelle destroyed | 978 Sa CONJ PL Vi Vi | |
| + | IBERIA: Muhammad al-Mansur, Umayyad chief minister (978-1002) (powerful force in Cordoba) | 978 UR +ssx NE Sg Sc | |
| +979 | IRELAND: Irish under Malachi defeat the Vikings at the Hill of Tara | 978 UR on UR SNode | |
| + | CHINA: CHINA FINALLY REUNITED BY SUNG TAI TSU (963-979, advent of modernity & humanism) | ||
| + | BRITAIN: Ethelred the Unready, Saxon King of England (979-1016) (constant pressure from Danes) | 979 UR +SQR PL Sg Vi | |
| +980 | * EUROPE: growth of trading cities: Venice, Genoa, London, Antwerpen, Paris, Marseilles, Mainz | 980 UR +SQR PL Sg Vi | |
| + | * BRITAIN: renewed Viking raids on England's ports and coastlines | ||
| + | RUSSIA: St Vladimir, Prince of Kiev (980-1015) (patron of Orthodox religious arts & learning) | ||
| +981 | |||
| + | |||
| +982 | EUROPE: HRE domination of Europe weakened by Saracen (Fatimid) victory over Otto II in Italy | ||
| + | N ATLANTIC: Greenland settled by Vikings under Erik the Red | ||
| +983 | C EUROPE: Slav rebellion against German rule, after death of Otto II (resisting German growth) | 983 UR Cp | |
| + | HRE: Otto III, HRE (983-1002) | ||
| +984 | E AFRICA: settlement by Arab & Persian traders on E coast of Africa (Dar-es-Salaam, Zanzibar) | 984 Sa CONJ NE Sc Sc | |
| + | FRANCE: regular famines & shortages (to 1059) (bringing Millenial fears) | ||
| +985 | SCANDNVA: Sweyn, King of Denmark (985-1014), and of Sweden (995-1014) | 985 PL Li | |
| + | INDIA: Rajaraja, Chola Rajah (985-1014) conquers Tamil-nad, Deccan (first union of South India) | ||
| +986 | INDIA: invasion of N India by Turks from Afghanistan under Sabuktigin | 986 UR +ssq NE Cp Sc | 986 PL Li |
| + | JAPAN: new religious currents: monks Genshin & Kuya; millenialism; growth of Pure Land sect | ||
| +987 | FRANCE: accession of Capetian dynasty – Hugh Capet, King of France (987-96) | 987 UR +ssq NE Cp Sc | 987 PL Li |
| + | EUROPE: 120 day great winter freeze in W Europe | 987 NE Sg | |
| +988 | BRITAIN: SW England & Wales under regular attack by Vikings; 993 Yorkshire; 994 London | 988 NE Sg | |
| + | C AMERICA: Chichen Itza taken over by Toltecs, becoming new capital of Yucatan (987-1221) | ||
| +989 | * RUSSIA: Russians convert to Orthodox Christianity under Vladimir the Saint (980-1015) | 989 HALLEY'S COMET | |
| + | EUROPE: widespread millenial anticipation throughout Christendom | ||
| +990 | * EUROPE: development of systematic musical notation in Church music | ||
| + | * AMERICAS: Inca Tiahuanaco culture in Peru expands greatly (zenith 1200s-1500s) | ||
| +991 | BYZANTIUM: Basileus II embarks on long struggles (991-1014) with Bulgarian Samuel I | 991 Sa CONJ UR Cp Cp | 991 UR Aq |
| + | C EUROPE: schism of Serbian tribes: Orthodox (Serbia, Bosnia) & Catholic (Croatia) spheres | ||
| +992 | E EUROPE: Boleslav I Chrobry of Poland (992-1025) (unites W Slavs, creates state of Poland) | ||
| + | |||
| +993 | SCANDNVA: Olaf Tryggvesson, King of Norway (995-1000) (converts Norway Vikings to Christ'ty) | 993 UR +sxt NE Aq Sg | |
| + | ROME: first canonisation of saints by RC Church, under Pope John XV (985-996) | ||
| +994 | BRITAIN: London beseiged by Vikings; Yorkshire damaged | 994 UR +sxt NE Aq Sg | |
| + | SCANDNVA: Olaf Skotkonung, Scots K of Sweden (995-1022) (converts Sweden to Christianity) | ||
| +995 | C EUROPE: last independent tribe of C Europe, the Slavnici, subdued by Germans in Bohemia | 995 UR +sxt NE Aq Sg | |
| + | JAPAN: Michinaga (966-1027) greatest Fujiwara emperor (literature, arts, stability) | ||
| + | N AFRICA: est of House of Science in Fatimid Cairo (blockprinting, optics, nat hist, anatomy) | ||
| +996 | FRANCE: Richard the Good, Duke of Normandy (996-1026) (Normandy latinised Viking nation) | 996 UR +tri PL Aq Li | |
| + | ITALY: civil war in Rome | ||
| +997 | C EUROPE: St Stephen I of Hungary (997-1038) (founds towns & monasteries, 'Apostolic Majesty') | 997 UR +tri PL Aq Li | 997 PL Sc |
| + | FRANCE: Robert II, 2nd Capetian king of France (996-1031) | 998 UR +tri PL Pi Sc | |
| +998 | ASIA: Mahmud of Ghazni (997-1030, cultural patron) founds Emirate of Ghazni (Turkestan & Afghanistan) | 998 Sa OPPN PL Ta Sc | 998 UR Pi |
| + | * BRITAIN: Edinburgh emerges as centre of Scotland's national unity | 998 PL Peri 1Sc | 998 PL Sc |
| +999 | BYZANTIUM: last expedition against Egyptian Fatimids by Basileus II, Byz Emp (976-1025) | 999 UR +tri PL Pi Sc | 999 UR Pi |
| + | E EUROPE: Piast dynasty (to 1370) in Poland (consolidates territory and economy) | 999 Sa OPPN PL Ta Sc |
| 1000 | S E AFRICA: gold-trading STATE OF ZIMBABWE (widespread trade & cultural influence) | 1000 UR +tri PL Pi Sc | |
| + | * ARTS: Great Age in painting, printing, technology, science and ceramics in China, Sung dynasty | ||
| + | * ASIA: Sultanate of Ghazni (Khorasan) flourishes in art, science, religion & trade | ||
| + | * S AMERICA: COLLAPSE OF TIAHUANACO & HUARI (possibly climatic change) | ||
| + | * C AMERICA: CLIMAX OF TOLTEC CIVILISATION, (NEW EMPIRE 1000-1450) in Yucatan, Mexico | ||
| + | * N AMERICA: Viking temp colony in Vinland (Newfoundland, Erik the Red) | ||
| + | * N AMERICA: beginning of migration of Thule Inuit from Bering Sea to Alaska & Greenland (1000-1200) | ||
| + | * SCANDNVA: Danes control Norway; Vikings colonise Iceland & Greenland (Christianity follows) | ||
| + | * EUROPE: ZENITH OF BYZANTINE and HOLY ROMAN EMPIRES | ||
| + | * EUROPE: widespread millenial fears of end of the world and the Last Judgement | ||
| + | * E EUROPE: Czechoslovakia (Bohemia & Moravia) united as a nation | ||
| + | * EURASIA: spiritual focus of Judaism & Kabbalah moves from Mesopotamia to Iberia | ||
| + | * ITALY: revival of Venice, Genoa & Pisa (after Saracen raids); cultural revival in Florence, Rome, Naples | ||
| + | * BRITAIN: Danegeld: tax on saxon English by Danes, until 1053; 'Beowulf', Anglo-Saxon heroic poem | ||
| + | * BENELUX: beginning of building of dykes and land-reclamation in Frisia, N Holland | ||
| + | HRE: German emperor Otto III makes Rome his home | ||
| 1001 | * BRITAIN: escalation of Danish pressures: Saxons murder Danish settlers (St Brice's Day) | 1001 UR +tri PL Pi Sc | |
| + | IBERIA: death of Al Mansur brings decline in the caliphate of Cordoba | ||
| 1002 | BYZANTIUM: Basil II defeats Bulgarians (staving off pressure on Constantinople) (& 1014) | 1002 NE Cp | |
| + | HRE: Henry II the Saint, HRE (1002-24) (bringing expansionism in Italy & Poland) | ||
| 1003 | BRITAIN: Danish army lands in England, under King Sweyn (retreats due to famine) | ||
| + | IRELAND: Brian Boruma unites Ireland (ends warring between clan dynasties, to 1014) | ||
| + | INDIA: Chola Rajaraja I invades Ceylon (Chola kingdom now mighty &wealthy) | ||
| 1004 | ITALY: HRE Henry II takes over Lombardy; Arabs sack Pisa (Italy in turmoil) | ||
| + | * E EUROPE: conflict between Polish unification of Slavs & German eastern expansion (1003-18) | ||
| 1005 | CHINA: Liao (Khitan) Mongols invade to Yellow River, granted tribute by Sung emperor | ||
| + | ISLAM: Al-Hakim seeks to force Shi'ism on Egypt & become deified (founding Druse sect) | ||
| 1006 | INDIA: Muslims begin settlement of NW India (prelude to Muslim Indian empires) | 1006 UR Ar | |
| + | CHINA: granaries established for emergency relief of peasants (by Sung emperor) | ||
| 1007 | BRITAIN: Ethelred the Unready (Saxon) pays large tribute to Danes to gain peace | 1007 UR +sqt PL Ar Sc | |
| + | RUSSIA: Vladimir I defends Russia against Pecheneg tribes (Asiatic Turkic) | ||
| 1008 | INDIA: Muslim MAHMUD OF GHAZNI defeats Hindus at Peshawar (expands into N India by 1025) | 1008 UR +sqt PL Ar Sc | |
| + | SCANDNVA: Sweden under Olaf Skotkonung (995-1022) converts to Christianity at Upsala | ||
| 1009 | MIDEAST: Muslims wreck the Holy Sepulcher in Jerusalem (stimulating Christian Crusades) | 1009 UR +SQR NE Ar Cp | 1009 PL Sg |
| + | HRE: first HR Imperial Diet of nobles under Henry II | 1009 UR +sqt PL Ar Sc | |
| 1010 | FRANCE: Robert II (996-1031) of France declares 'Peace of God' after incessant warring | 1010 UR +SQR NE Ar Cp | 1010 PL Sg |
| + | IBERIA: civil war of the Arabs (1008-28) (leads to dissolution of Umayyad Caliphate in Spain) | 1010 UR +sqt PL Ar Sg | |
| 1011 | BRITAIN: critical situation between Danes and Saxons under Ethelred the Unready, Saxons losing | 1011 UR +SQR NE Ar Cp | |
| + | 1011 UR +sqt PL Ar Sg | ||
| 1012 | GERMANY: first persecution of heretics by Church | 1012 UR +SQR NE Ar Cp | |
| + | |||
| 1013 | BRITAIN: Danes overthrow Saxons, becoming rulers of England; Ethelred flees and returns | 1013 UR Ta | |
| + | |||
| 1014 | BYZANTIUM: Basil II brutally defeats Bulgarians (blinding thousands), gaining territory | 1014 UR Ta | |
| + | HRE: on second Italian campaign (see 1004) Henry II crowned HR Emperor in Rome by Pope | ||
| 1015 | IRELAND: Viking domination of Ireland ended at the Battle of Clontarf | 1015 UR +qcx PL Ta Sg | 1015 NE Aq |
| + | SCANDNVA: Olaf II the Saint (1015-30) gains Norwegian independence, nation becomes Christian | ||
| + | BRITAIN: Celtic kingdom of Strathclyde incorporated into Scotland | 1016 Sa CONJ PL Sg Sg | 1016 NE Aq |
| 1016 | BRITAIN: KNUT the GREAT, Danish King (1016-35) of England, Denmark and Norway (1028-35) | 1016 NE on S Node | |
| + | ITALY: Norman knights enter S Italy (to restore order & oppose Arab incursion) | 1016 UR +qcx PL Ta Sg | |
| 1017 | E EUROPE: downfall of first Bulgarian empire (part of Byzantium for 168 years) | 1017 UR +qcx PL Ta Sg | |
| + | |||
| 1018 | BRITAIN: union of Southern & Highland Scotland (highland clansof Alba join King Malcolm) | 1018 UR +qcx PL Ta Sg | |
| + | BRITAIN: Council of Oxford: Knut confirms Saxon laws of Eadgar (Danes settle into power in England) | ||
| + | * BYZANTIUM IN ASCENDANCY until 1185 (annexing Bulgaria & Macedonia, also gaining Armenia) | ||
| + | INDIA: Mohammed Mahmud of Ghazni sacks Kanauj (breaking Hindu power, harassing N India) | ||
| 1019 | C ASIA: Firdausi (939-1020, epic writer) & Al Buruni (973-1048, geographer) at work in Ghazni | 1019 UR +qcx PL Ta Sg | |
| + | |||
| 1020 | RUSSIA: Jaroslav the Wise of Kiev (1020-54) codifies laws, builds towns, schools, churches | 1020 UR Ge | |
| + | SCANDNVA: Faeroes, Shetlands & Orkneys take St Olaf II Haraldsson of Norway as king | ||
| 1021 | INDIA: Cholas invade Bengal (counter-balancing Islamic expansion) | 1021 UR Ge | |
| + | ITALY: third campaign of Holy Roman Emperor in Italy, flushing out Arabs & Byzantine Greeks | ||
| 1022 | EUROPE: Synod of Pavia insists on celibacy amongst higher clergy of RC Church | ||
| + | |||
| 1023 | INDIA: Mahmud of Ghazni destroys many centres in N India; Ghaznevids settle Punjab | 1023 UR on N Node | |
| + | |||
| 1024 | GERMANY: Konrad II K of Germany (1024-1039) – first HRE Salian (Franconian) emperor (1024-1125) | 1024 UR +tri NE Ge Aq | 1024 PL Cp |
| + | |||
| 1025 | SCANDNVA: rivalry between Knut of Denmark & St Olaf of Norway, in Sweden | 1025 UR +tri NE Ge Aq | |
| + | SE ASIA: Cholas from India raid Srivijaya (Sumatra) and Pegu (Burma) | ||
| 1026 | SCANDNVA: King Knut of Denmark & England goes on a pilgrimage to Rome | 1026 UR +tri NE Ge Aq | |
| + | ITALY: arrival of Norman mercenaries in S Italy (prelude to later Norman takeover 1047-90) | ||
| 1027 | HRE: Konrad II crowned HRE (1027-39) in Rome | 1027 UR +tri NE Ge Aq | 1027 UR Cn |
| + | CHINA: Song dynasty loses control of north China to the Ch'in (Jin) | ||
| 1028 | SCANDNVA: Knut conquers Norway (1028-30), slays St Olaf Haraldsson | 1028 PL on S Node | 1028 UR Cn |
| + | IBERIA: Sancho of Navarre invades Castile (growing of Spanish national forces against Muslims) | 1028 UR OPPN PL Cn Cp | |
| 1029 | * W EUROPE: growth of the cult of the Virgin Mary in the Catholic church | 1029 UR OPPN PL Cn Cp | 1029 NE Pi |
| + | |||
| 1030 | BYZANTIUM: Patriarch persecutes Syrian Monophysites (arousing enmity, helping Seljuk advances) | 1030 UR OPPN PL Cn Cp | 1030 NE Pi |
| + | SE ASIA: Indian Chola influence extends overseas to Burma, Malaya, Srivijaya | ||
| 1031 | FRANCE: Henry I King of France (1031-1060) | 1031 UR OPPN PL Cn Cp | |
| + | IBERIA: COLLAPSE of the CORDOBA CALIPHATE in Spain | 1031 UR +sqt NE Cn Pi | |
| 1032 | HRE: Burgundy and Poland absorbed into Holy Roman Empire by Konrad II | 1032 Sa OPPN PL Cn Cp | |
| + | 1032 UR +sqt NE Cn Pi | ||
| 1033 | IBERIA: rise of Castile as ind non-Muslim kingdom; Ferdinand I King of Castile (1035-65) | 1033 Sa OPPN PL Cn Cp | |
| + | 1033 UR +sqt NE Cn Pi | ||
| 1034 | BYZANTIUM: Viking (Varangian) mercenary fleets defeat Saracen pirates in E Med'n for Byzantium | 1034 UR Le | |
| + | 1034 UR +sqt NE Cn Pi | ||
| 1035 | SCANDNVA: Knut dies; sons Harold, Hardiknut & Sweyn take over England, Denmark & Norway | ||
| + | * INDIA: Alberuni of Khiva (935-1048) scientist, translator (Afghan from Ghazni) | ||
| 1036 | |||
| + | |||
| 1037 | * IBERIA: Mulak al-Tawaif (petty dynasties founded in the wake of Cordoba caliphate, to 1086) | 1037 UR +qcx NE Le Pi | |
| + | ASIA: Seljuk Turks invade Khorasan (rebellion against Ghazni, Seljuk expansion out of Kazakhstan) | ||
| 1038 | C ASIA: Tibetan Tangut tribes form Hsi-Hsia (Xixia) Silk Road state in C Asia/NW China | 1038 UR +qcx NE Le Pi | |
| + | CHINA: major earthquake in Shansi (destroying a city, killing 23,000) | ||
| 1039 | BRITAIN: English hold on N Wales broken by Prince Gruffydd of Gwynedd | 1039 UR +qcx NE Le Pi | |
| + | GERMANY: Konrad II succeeded by Henry III King of Germany (1039-1056) | 1039 UR -qcx PL Le Cp | |
| + | JAPAN: monks invade Kyoto (leading to growing strength of samurai clans as support to gov't) | ||
| 1040 | BRITAIN: murder of King Duncan of Scotland by Macbeth, King of Scotland (1040-57) | 1040 UR +qcx NE Le Pi | 1040 UR Vi |
| + | E EUROPE: Bulgaria annexed by Byzantium after tax revolt led by Peter Delyan | 1040 UR -qcx PL Le Cp | |
| + | C ASIA: major earthquake in Tabriz, Persia, killing 50,000, levelling city | ||
| 1041 | ITALY: Lombards & Normans defeat Byzantine Greeks in S Italy (Normans conquer S Italy 1042-71) | 1041 UR -qcx PL Vi Aq | 1041 PL Aq |
| + | ROME: 'Pax Dei' declared (restricting fighting to Mondays-Wednesdays, to protect travellers) | 1041 UR Vi | |
| 1042 | C ASIA: RISE OF THE SELJUK TURKS as a threat to Asian stability (later to rule Abbasid Caliphate) | 1042 NE Ar | |
| + | BRITAIN: Edward the Confessor K of England (1042-1066) (last saxon Eng king, son of Ethelred) | ||
| 1043 | 1043 NE Ar | ||
| + | |||
| 1044 | ITALY: Papal corruption: throne sold to Pope Gregory VI, papal election of Saxon 1046 | 1044 NE +sxt PL Ar Aq | |
| + | ASIA: establishment of Buddhist Burmese nat'l state at Pagan under Anawrata (cultural growth) | 1044 UR -sqt PL Vi Aq | |
| 1045 | * CHINA: movable-type printing invented in China | 1045 NE +sxt PL Ar Aq | |
| + | C EUROPE: pagan uprising in ungary under Vatha (against Church & State) | 1045 UR -sqt PL Vi Aq | |
| 1046 | HRE: Henry III crowned emp in Rome; election of Saxon pope Clement II (against corruption) | 1046 NE +sxt PL Ar Aq | 1046 UR Li |
| + | ROME: Reform Papacy (1046-1075) (seeking chastity & end of simony – selling of titles & posts) | 1046 UR -sqt PL Vi Aq | |
| 1047 | FRANCE: William of Normandy (later king of England) takes control over rebellious nobility | 1047 NE +sxt PL Ar Aq | 1047 UR Li |
| + | ISLAM: holy cities Medina & Mecca withdraw support for Fatimids (Fatimid power wanes) | ||
| 1048 | * SE ASIA: unified Burmese state founded by king Anawrahta (1044-77), capital at temple-city of Pagan | 1048 UR -tri PL Li Aq | |
| + | 1048 NE +sxt PL Ar Aq | ||
| 1049 | 1049 UR OPPN NE Li Ar | ||
| + | 1049 UR -tri PL Li Aq | ||
| 1050 | CHINA: 'History of China from 500BC-1000AD' by Ssu-ma-Kuang | 1050 UR OPPN NE Li Ar | |
| + | * ARTS: 'The Mabinogion', Welsh mythological verses | 1050 UR -tri PL Li Aq | |
| + | * BRITAIN: building of churches & cathedrals (eg Winchester, Westminster & Exeter) | ||
| + | N AFRICA: military dictatorship ruins economy & society in Egypt | ||
| + | * INNOVN: use of the Astrolabe spreads into Europe from Islamic countries & India | ||
| 1051 | JAPAN: civil war & rise of Minamoto clan as military power ('claws & teeth of Fujiwara clan') | 1051 UR OPPN NE Li Ar | |
| + | * N AMERICA: growth of large Anasazi ceremonial centres, Arizona | 1051 Sa CONJ PL Aq Aq | |
| 1052 | * N AMERICA: GROWTH OF TEMPLE-MOUND MISSISSIPPIAN CULTURE (1050-1450) | 1052 UR OPPN NE Li Ar | |
| + | |||
| 1053 | ITALY: Norman Robert Guiscard establishes Norman empire in south Italy | 1053 UR Sc | |
| + | |||
| 1054 | FRANCE: Normans defeat Henry I of France, when he seeks to invade Normandy | ||
| + | * EUROPE: schism between Greek and Roman Churches (over conquests) becomes permanent | ||
| + | RUSSIA: Kievan state (lacking leadership) breaks up under pressure from nomad raiders | ||
| 1055 | MIDEAST: Seljuk Turks capture Baghdad; Tughril Beg becomes Sultan | ||
| + | |||
| 1056 | ITALY: beginning of proto-democratic Pataria movement in Milan | 1056 NE Ta | |
| + | N AFRICA: Almoravids (Moors) conquer north Africa and south Spain | ||
| 1057 | CHINA: earthquake kills 25,000 in Hopei province | 1057 NE Ta | |
| + | |||
| 1058 | C EUROPE: Hungarian independence recognised by HRE Henry III; Andrew I, K of Hungary (1047-60) | 1058 UR -SQR PL Sc Aq | |
| + | |||
| 1059 | ROME: Papal decree allows papal elections by cardinals only (excluding monarchs) | 1059 UR -SQR PL Sc Aq | |
| + | BYZANTIUM: Dukas dynasty (1059-78) (decline; Norman, Patzinak, Magyar & Seljuk pressures) | ||
| 1060 | 1060 UR Sg | ||
| + | |||
| 1061 | ITALY: Normans conquer Messina (Sicily) | ||
| + | |||
| 1062 | * EUROPE: ending of the Viking age | 1062 UR on S Node | 1062 PL Pi |
| + | |||
| 1063 | BRITAIN: subduing of Wales by saxon English | 1063 UR -qcx NE Sg Ta | 1063 PL Pi |
| + | E EUROPE: HRE defeats Hungarians (early eastward moves of German influence) | ||
| 1064 | MIDEAST: Seljuk Turks conquer Armenia, under new leader Alp Arslan (1063-1072) | 1064 UR -qcx NE Sg Ta | |
| + | E EUROPE: Hungarians battle with Byzantium, taking Belgrade | ||
| 1065 | GERMANY: Henry IV (HRE 1053-1105) comes of age, regency since 1056 ending | 1065 Sa OPPN PL Vi Pi | |
| + | BRITAIN: consecration of Westminster Abbey (one year before Norman invasion) | 1065 UR -qcx NE Sg Ta | |
| 1066 | BRITAIN: Harold II crowned June 1; defeats Danes in Yorkshire; killed at Hastings by Normans | 1066 Sa OPPN PL Vi Pi | |
| + | BRITAIN: Bt of Hastings, NORMANS TAKE ENGLAND; William the Conqueror king (1066-87) | 1066 HALLEY'S COMET | |
| 1067 | 1066 UR -qcx NE Sg Ta | 1067 UR Cp | |
| + | |||
| 1068 | CHINA: Shen Tsung, Emperor of China (1068-86, government & tax centralisation, reform & trade) | 1068 UR -sxt PL Cp Pi | |
| + | BRITAIN: uprisings in N England suppressed by Normans | ||
| + | JAPAN: Emperor Sanjo II overcomes Fujiwara power (decline of Fujiwara period) | ||
| 1069 | * EUROPE: RISE of NORMAN CULTURE (Fr, Eng, S It): Romanesque architecture, churches, castles | 1069 UR -sxt PL Cp Pi | 1069 NE Ge |
| + | BRITAIN: famine follows Norman invasion, 50,000 die (also 1073) | ||
| 1070 | MIDEAST: founding of the Order of St John in Palestine by merchants from Amalfi | 1070 NE Ge | |
| + | BRITAIN: uprising in East Anglia against Normans by Hereward the Wake, Saxon lord, defeated | ||
| 1071 | ITALY: Normans complete their conquest of Byzantine Italy (fatal years for Byzantium) | 1071 UR -sqt NE Cp Ge | |
| + | MIDEAST: Bt of Manzikert: SELJUK TURKS DEFEAT BYZANTIUM (Europe under threat) | ||
| 1072 | AFRICA: Islam crosses the Sahara, entering African culture (Ghana, Mali, Hausa, Kanem-Bornu, Air) | 1072 UR -sqt NE Cp Ge | |
| + | * W EUROPE: Peter Valdes, a merchant, founds the anti-clerical Waldensian sect (against Church laxity) | ||
| 1073 | EUROPE: election of Gregorius VII Pope (1073-85): conflict between Empire & Papacy begins | 1073 UR -sqt NE Cp Ge | |
| + | * MIDEAST: Seljuk Malik Shah (1073-1092) (patron of learning & culture in Baghdad) | ||
| 1074 | EUROPE: excommunication of all married priests; 1075 Dictatus Papae (on rights to world power) | 1074 UR -ssq PL Cp Pi | 1074 UR Aq |
| + | INDIA: powerful Chola line ends (by mutual assassination of both heirs) | ||
| 1075 | MIDEAST: Seljuk Turks invade Syria & Palestine (sparking Crusades) | 1075 NE +SQR PL Ge Pi | 1075 UR Aq |
| + | ROME: Gregorius VII decl right of dominion over kings and Holy Roman Emperor (Dictatus Papae) | ||
| 1076 | EUROPE: Pope Gregorius VII dethrones & excommunicates HRE Henry IV (Pope dominates HR Empire) | 1076 NE +SQR PL Ge Pi | |
| + | NW AFRICA: Almoravidsfrom Morocco destroy the African kingdom of Ghana | ||
| 1077 | HRE: HRE Henry IV repents before the Pope, and is absolved | 1077 NE +SQR PL Ge Pi | |
| + | SE ASIA: Sung China attempts to reconquer Annam (N Vietnam), fails | ||
| 1078 | INDIA: CHALUKYA-CHOLA DYNASTY (1074-1267), started by Rajendra at Kanchi & Vengi | 1078 NE +SQR PL Ge Pi | |
| + | INDIA: Vikramaditya VI of Kalyani (1075-1125) (security in Kashmir, Hindu & Buddhist temples) | ||
| 1079 | 1079 NE +SQR PL Ge Pi | ||
| + | 1079 UR -tri NE Aq Ge | ||
| 1080 | EUROPE: HRE deposed & excommunicated again (1080-85), Pope continuing to exercise dominion | 1079 UR -ssx PL Aq Pi | |
| + | 1080 UR -tri NE Aq Ge | ||
| 1081 | BYZANTIUM: Alexius I Comnenus, Byzantine emperor (1081-1118); Comneni dynasty (1081-1185) | 1080 UR -ssx PL Aq Pi | |
| + | E EUROPE: Norman Robert Guiscard from S Italy invades the Balkans | 1081 UR -tri NE Aq Ge | |
| 1082 | C EUROPE: est of a Serbian state in Montenegro (1081-1101) | 1082 NE Cn | |
| + | |||
| 1083 | ITALY: Henry IV storms Rome to force Pope Gregorius VII into submission | 1083 Sa CONJ PL Pi Pi | 1083 NE Cn |
| + | * IBERIA: 'Reconquista' (1085-1340) begins (as Spanish national feeling grows) | ||
| 1084 | MIDEAST: Seljuks take Antioch | 1084 Sa CONJ PL Pi Pi | |
| + | ITALY: Robert Guiscard frees Pope from imprisonment by HRE | ||
| 1085 | CHINA: conservative forces revoke many earlier reforms of Shen Tsung | ||
| + | GERMANY: after much strife & friction, Henry IV declares 'Peace of God' in the Holy Roman Empire | ||
| 1086 | IBERIA: invading Almoravid (Berber) dynasty revives Islamic govt, beating Alfonso of Castile | ||
| + | BRITAIN: compilation of Domesday Book (national resources & tax assessment) | ||
| + | JAPAN: Emperor Shirikawa (1086-1129) (gov't reorganisation, dispowerment of samurai clans) | ||
| 1087 | BRITAIN-FRANCE: William I dies, succeeded by William II 'Rufus' in England, Robert in Normandy | ||
| + | GERMANY: Henry IV HRE delegates German crown to son, Konrad I, King of Germany (1087-1101) | ||
| 1088 | * E EUROPE: Patzinak Turks settle in Eastern Europe | 1088 PL Ar | |
| + | |||
| 1089 | 1089 PL Ar | ||
| + | 1089 UR Ar | ||
| 1090 | INNOVN: first water-driven mechanical clock built in Beijing, China | 1090 UR CONJ PL Ar Ar | 1090 PL Ar |
| + | MIDEAST: rise of Ismailian fraternity of Assassins (Hashishiyun, masters of forts in N Persia & N Syria) | 1090 UR Ar | |
| 1091 | |||
| + | |||
| 1092 | BRITAIN: Norman William II conquers Celtic Cumbria | ||
| + | |||
| 1093 | BRITAIN: Scots attempt to invade England, failing against Norman William II | ||
| + | * EUROPE: concepts of Pilgrimage to Holy Land, and Holy War against Heathens gain strength | ||
| 1094 | IBERIA: El Cid (Rodrigo Diaz, Spanish folk hero) takes Valencia from Almoravids | ||
| + | |||
| 1095 | MIDEAST: Seljuk power breaks down into family states | ||
| + | MIDEAST: five popular mass crusades break down in pillage and innocent defeat | ||
| 1096 | MIDEAST: FIRST CRUSADE: Franks invade Anatolia & Syria (1096-9), founding Crusader states | 1096 UR -SQR NE Ar Cn | 1096 NE Le |
| + | * EUROPE: first persecutions of Jews (1096-1215) following Crusading mania in Europe | ||
| 1097 | * ISLAM: Crusaders create reaction in Islam; strife between Sunnis & Shi'ites over Jerusalem | 1097 UR -SQR NE Ar Cn | 1097 NE Le |
| + | INNOVN: monastic movement strengthened by creation of first Cistercian monastery at Citeaux | 1097 NE on N Node | 1097 UR Ta |
| 1098 | BRITAIN: Orkneys, Hebrides & Isle of Man taken by Magnus III King of Norway | 1098 UR -SQR NE Ta Le | 1098 UR Ta |
| + | MIDEAST: Byzantium at war with Norman Crusaders over Antioch (1098-1108); plague in Palestine | 1098 Sa OPPN PL Li Ar | |
| 1099 | MIDEAST: CRUSADERS TAKE JERUSALEM bloodily; Muslims defeated | 1099 UR -SQR NE Ta Le | |
| + |
| 1100 | * W EUROPE: first universities founded in Europe: Salerno, Bologna, Paris | 1100 UR -SQR NE Ta Le | |
| + | 1100 UR +ssx PL Ta Ar | ||
| 1101 | CHINA: Sung Hui Tsung (1101-25) reintroduces reforms of Shen Tsung (sponsors painting schools) | 1101 NE +tri PL Le Ar | |
| + | BRITAIN: Robert of Normandy attempts to invade England; paid off by Henry I (1100-1135) | ||
| 1102 | C EUROPE: Croatia joins Hungary (growing western orientation, dividing Serbs) | 1102 NE +tri PL Le Ar | |
| + | |||
| 1103 | W EUROPE: Norwegians attempt to invade Ireland; King Magnus III of Norway killed | 1103 NE +tri PL Le Ar | |
| + | GERMANY: Pacification of Mainz, Jews given HRE protection (being unable to bear arms) | ||
| 1104 | MIDEAST: Crusaders take Acre | 1104 NE +tri PL Le Ar | 1104 UR Ge |
| + | 1104 UR +ssq PL Ge Ar | ||
| 1105 | * GERMANY: beginning of colonisation of forested unpop'd E Germany & Poland by German peoples | 1105 NE +tri PL Le Ar | 1105 UR Ge |
| + | 1105 UR +ssq PL Ge Ar | ||
| 1106 | HRE: Henry IV dies, succeeded by Henry V HRE (1106-1125) (the last of the Salic line) | 1106 UR on N Node | |
| + | |||
| 1107 | |||
| + | |||
| 1108 | FRANCE: Louis VI the Fat, K of France (1108-37) (growing sense of French national feeling) | ||
| + | |||
| 1109 | 1109 NE Vi | ||
| + | |||
| 1110 | ? MIDEAST: Omar Khayyam (poet & mathematician) composes Rubaiyyat, works on cubic equations | 1110 NE Vi | |
| + | SE EUROPE: Basil, leader of the Manichean Balkan Bogomils, martyred in Constantinople as a heretic | ||
| 1111 | HRE: Henry V, crowned H R Emp in Rome, excommunicated 1112 (papal-imperial schism continues) | 1111 UR -sxt NE Cn Vi | 1111 NE Vi |
| + | 1111 UR Cn | ||
| 1112 | 1112 UR -sxt NE Cn Vi | 1112 UR Cn | |
| + | |||
| 1113 | MIDEAST: founding of the Knights Hospitallers (Knights of St John) in Jerusalem | 1113 UR -sxt NE Cn Vi | |
| + | 1113 NE +sqt PL Vi Ar | ||
| 1114 | CHINA: Tungus tribes overthrow Khitans in Manchuria (1114-1236) & L |